Poetic Resistance
By Mark Street and Lynne Sachs (with Pablo Marin)
Our cinematic relationship to Argentina began in March of 2007, when the Buenos Aires Festival Internacional de Cine Independiente (BAFICI) invited Lynne to show a retrospective of her films. During the one week she was in this film-crazy city, she met Pablo Marin and Leandro Listorti, two extraordinarily active Argentine filmmakers with a commitment to making movies and screening and writing about their thriving alternative film community. While most of Buenos Aires was boasting about the burgeoning movie industry in Palermo Hollywood, or a lunch-time spotting of temporary denizen Francis Ford Coppola, Leandro and Pablo were mining San Telmo flea markets for Super 8 cameras or rushing across the city to see a festival screening by American avant-garde super-star Jonas Mekas, age 87 and thriving. Lynne’s shared passion for experimental film quickly assured her that she had found a city she wanted to share with Mark, her husband and sometime artistic collaborator.
Movies at the Ice Palace
We’ve always appreciated the avant garde, the experimental, the personal film, made outside the strictures of the ‘industry.’ We gravitate towards artists’ short films, created on shoestring budgets without any hope of financial sustenance. These are films made like poems are written, relentless and visceral expressions; snapshots of what the landscape of cinema might have looked like if narrative hadn’t become the dominant paradigm.
In June 2008, we packed our bags, got on a plane and moved to Buenos Aires for two months, studying Spanish as a family (with our two preteen daughters), shooting film and diving even deeper into the experimental film scene. We learned to speak Argentine Spanish (the “y” sound is pronounced “j”, so “Yo” becomes “Jo” and “pollo” becomes “pojo”), eat dinner late and spend hours sobremesa (at table) chatting and sipping wine into the night. This land can make you feel impatient and shallow, as the Argentine filmmakers we met seemed to relish spending time discussing their movies as well as the political issues of the day (multiple agricultural protests) in Europeanist distended style. Maybe it comes from the Argentine obsession with psychoanalysis, but talk is not considered passé here.
Our apartment was near the Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires (MALBA) where we relished the best modern art collection in town, as well as a full film schedule. We saw a Hugo Fregonese (1908-1987) retrospective, as well as the hilarious campy “Esperando la Carroza” by Alejandro Doria which friends had recommended. What a way to learn Spanish: like learning English by watching “The Rocky Horror Picture Show”.
A lynchpin of the scene is the urbane and witty Ruben Guzman. The prolific filmmaker and programmer had moved to Canada in the 80’s but recently returned to make work and program in Buenos Aires. The Kino Palais at the Palais de Glace shows 4 nights a week in a cavern-like space in the back of the museum. It’s an underground club hidden in a 19th century ice skating rink (no kidding). This is where we presented our X-Y Chromosome Project, a subjective take on global warming, to the Buenos Aires community for three nights in July. Here’s what they saw:
“From archival snips of an educational film on the weather to cine poems in full blossom, New York film “avant-gardeners” Mark Street and Lynne Sachs present the X-Y Chromosome Project. This program of 10 short films on both single and double screen gleans audio-visual crops from the dust of the filmmakers’ fertile and fallow imaginations. In this avalanche of visual ruminations on nature’s topsy-turvy shakeup of our lives, Street and Sachs ponder a city child’s tentative excavation of the urban forest, winter wheat, and the great American deluge of the 21st Century (so far).”
Over Peruvian dinner, Ruben introduced us to Federico Windhausen, an Argentine-American media arts historian currently living and teaching in California, but a man whose Argentine roots run deep. Federico is the best informal cultural guide we’ve ever encountered, anywhere. He was constantly suggesting film screenings, theatre and dance pieces (in the plaza of the Biblioteca Nacional, for instance) and ice cream (helado) places. The Argentine obsession with ice cream is legendary. Once at an asado (barbecue) in the country, the conversation wound its way from politics to movies to children’s attributes with nary a raised voice. But when it came time to order ice cream though, a slight sense of explosion was in the air, with all guests arguing vehemently and passionately in defense of their favorite helado flavors.
Whenever we found the conversation turning to the subject of Argentine experimental film one name always came up: Narcisa Hirsch. Over the last forty years, this grand dame of South American cinema has earned a well deserved reputation for making extraordinary films that are both formally rigorous and deeply personal. Born in Berlin in 1928, Hirsch would soon be inspired by feminism, the Fluxus artists she worked with in Europe in the 1960s and 70s and musicians such as Steve Reich. Hirsch’s work includes installation and performance art, as well as film. Her main themes include love, birth, death and the female body. Narcisa brought back her profound appreciation for avant-garde film to the artist community she knew and loved in Buenos Aires. In the company of her good friend Ruben and Paula Felix-Didier, the director of the Museo de Cine, Lynne spent a fascinating afternoon with Narcisa in her home-studio discussing her forty year filmmaking career, her children and grandchildren and her farm in Bariloche, in the south of Argentina.
Dreams and Resistance
Pablo Marin is one of the guiding forces of experimental cinema in Buenos Aires, and his blog La Region Central (title taken from the Michael Snow film) is an amazing living document. (laregioncentral.blogspot.com) Once Pablo and Mark spent the hour just before dusk shooting 16mm film around some stands that sell meat and sausages right next to the Reserva Ecologica. Later, over some beers in a café on the Avenida Corrientes, Mark asked Pablo to give a quick historical overview of the past.
“The early Argentine experimental period is represented by just a bunch of separate films, made by filmmakers that didn’t pursue a total exploration of the medium and, most importantly, didn’t think in terms of a community or movement. Horacio Coppola, a leading name in Argentinian still photography, made a few films during the 1920s and ’30s. His most important is “Traum”, a 16mm film that reminds me of the French-German Surrealists. In the ’50s and ’60s, Víctor Iturralde and Luis Bras were a couple of pioneers of experimental animation. They mostly painted and scratched on celluloid films in 35mm, 16mm and Super 8mm.”
The 1970s and 80s were a strong and vital period for experimental film in Argentina. An actual alternative film community was born. During the 70s, the military regime resulted in little contact with the experimental film world abroad. Our productions were more scarce and individualized. Many films were made (mostly 8mm and Super 8 ) but were only shown in underground and unconnected conditions (garages, living rooms, etc).
Change came when, in the early 80s, Buenos Aires’ Goethe Institute started showcasing as well as protecting these films and filmmakers. Under the Goethe’s umbrella, experimental film could grow without fear of persecution and with more support for the movement collectively. The highest point of this Goethe period was in 1980, when the Institute held a workshop of experimental film with German filmmaker Werner Nekes. Important artists in this period were Claudio Caldini (Super 8, Single 8), Narcisa Hirsch (16mm, Super 8 ) and Jorge Honik (Super 8 ). Other names include Juan Villola, Horacio Vallereggio, Marie Louise Alemann, Juan José Mugni and Silvestre Byrón. The films where shown in bigger, more social, environments but the reaction of the audience was mostly hostile. At one screening of Caldini’s “Gamelan”, the audience booed, shouted and turned the lights on and off!
In this period of relative, Goethe-induced freedom, filmmakers also got more in touch with international experimental film production. To name a few screenings, there was Jonas Mekas‘ 1982 screening of “Guns of the Trees” at Mar del Plata Film Fest and in 1985 the Di Tella Art Institute screened a bunch of New American films (Mekas, Brakhage, Warhol, etc.). Besides that, Narcisa Hirsch traveled a lot to buy film prints that even today represent the most important private experimental film archive in Buenos Aires.”
Video Art and Arthouse
Pablo continues: “In the late 80s there were some institutions that provided funding for these kind of films, such as Fundación Antorchas (which no longer exists) and Fondo Nacional de las Artes (which still exists, but funds more mainstream projects). As always and everywhere, most makers make these works by hook or by crook, with their own limited budgets.
Since 1990, experimental media has switched drastically towards video even though makers such as Caldini and Hirsch continue to produce on film. The opening of several film schools makes experimental film more accessible and more studied. The public screenings of international works have gained a solid following mainly through Buenos Aires Independent Film Festival and Mar del Plata. It is also more common to see screenings of local experimental works at these venues. Some of the important names are: Andres Denegri, Gustavo Galuppo, Gabriela Golder, Ruben Guzman (all in video), Daniela Cugliandolo (Super 8, video) and Sergio Subero (Super 8, video).”
With this backdrop for experimental film all around us, we tried to let ourselves be charged as artists in Buenos Aires, too, and move ahead with our own work. Mark shot 16mm film and videotape attempting to capture the idiosyncrasy of the city, following up on his 2008 film “Hidden in Plain Sight” (a city symphony film shot in Dakar, Hanoi, Marseille and Santiago de Chile). He became obsessed with the cartoneros , the gleaners who sift through trash to sell cardboard on the outskirts of town, and the porteros , the guards who sit behind glass windows at middle class apartment buildings watching and waiting. He is currently editing the project, tentatively titled “Fans of Argentina” (based on the store displays that feature industrial fans running at different speeds, like enormous film shutters).
With Argentine super 8 filmmakers Leandro Listorti, Pablo Marin and Tomas Dota, Lynne shot an experimental narrative inspired by Julio Cortazar short story “Final del Juego” about four girls who stand by a passing train everyday posing like “sculptures and attitudes.” The film is very much about longing, the rite of passage between childhood and adulthood, and performance of an inner self. The crew of cinema friends shot with a real potpourri of formats – from obsolete Kodak Regular 8 to Super 8mm, 16mm and video. Our daughters Maya and Noa and their two Argentine friends Lena and Chiara Peroni were hopping on and off trains throughout the summer as part of the production. The film used the entire city as a set – including the Tigre Train line that sweeps through the Parque Palermo, the majestic Retiro train station, the flea market in San Telmo’s Plaza Dorrego, and a quiet backyard on the outskirts of the city.
On our last day in Buenos Aires we walked a few blocks to a huge multiplex and caught Lucretia Martel‘s brand-new “La Mujer Sin Cabeza” while our kids took in a dubbed version of Mamma Mia at the screen next door. Though this is a narrative film, its idiosyncracy recalls the aesthetic intransigence of an avant garde work. Rather than a negotiation of industry catfights, technicians compromises or investor squabbles it’s a singular vision of one maker. As we munched a last alfajor walking back to the apartment, we came up with the idea of curating a film screening in NYC upon our return.
Poem Films
On February 21, 2009, we showed thirteen Super 8, video and 35mm films from Argentina at Anthology Film Archives in New York City. In curating “Ventana al Sur: An Evening of Argentine Experimental Film” we culled films from a whole array of non-traditional works made over the last 3 decades, some by veteran masters and mistresses (Leandro Katz, Liliana Porter and Narcisa Hirsch) and some by young upstarts and renegades (Pablo Marin, Ruben Guzman, Macarena Gagliardi, Sergio Subero, Leandro Listordi, Ernesto Baca) with newfound passions for the moving image. These short works felt like wisps drawn directly from the filmmaker’s imagination. Following P. Adams Sitney‘s distinction between ‘prose’ and ‘poem’ films (“Visionary Film”, 1978), these were definitely ‘poem’ films: short associative bursts that invited the audience to leave at the door any tried and true definition of what film is and to enter into unfamiliar worlds.
Here are descriptions of just a few of the works we showed:
- Leandro Katz‘s “Los Angeles” (5 min., 16mm, 1976) is a portrait of a small community living by the railroad tracks in the banana plantation region of Quiriguá, Guatemala. Originally a single take, this film alternates equal number of moving frames and frozen frames as the camera tracks alongside the train station.
- Narcisa Hirsch‘s “Workshop” (10 min.,16mm 1977) is a structuralist vision. One wall of the filmmaker’s studio is seen through a fixed camera. We see photos she’s stuck on the wall, and there is a dialogue with a male friend to whom she is describing the rest of the walls that you don’t see. A “one upmanship” of a similar film by Michael Snow also shot in his studio.
- “Bajo Tierra” (4 1/2 min., Super 8, sound on CD, 2007) is Pablo Marin‘s portrait of filmmaker Claudio Caldini who buries a roll of film in front of the factory that no longer makes Kodachrome.
- In “Montevideo” (4 minutes, DVD, 2008) by Leandro Listorti looks at the capital of Uruguay and reveals its characteristic as a Doppelgänger City: a single place cut in two spaces where two pairs of creatures explore the limits of the travelogue.
- In “Stock” (5 minutes, 2007, mini DV ) by Ruben Guzman follows a boy from La Cruz who walks to school to read aloud the stock market report from the newspaper. We are witness to the last day of capitalism.
- Ernesto Baca‘s “Nunca fuimos a la Luna” (7 min., 35mm, 2008) presents two characters on split screens, conversing and arguing as the city unspools kinetically behind them.
These are devil children films that attempt to create their own genre rather than fitting neatly into prepackaged drawers and categories. Some are abstract, some engage the materiality of film (or video) and all reorder the world on their own terms. They ask the audience to accept a curious and inviting premise and revel in it for a few minutes-just to see where it might lead.
The show was packed with Argentine expats, curiosity seekers, and hardcore experimentalists who wanted to see how subversive cinematic effusions looked from the land where summer is winter and winter is summer. We served yerba mate at the show-there’s no caffeine in mate, but there is something in there, and the room seemed to float on the wings of a filmic reverie. We also served sweet dessert churros (filled with dulce de leche of course) purchased at the famous Buenos Aires Bakery in Queens.
Driving back home we played back images from the screen in our heads-the frantic single frame pace of Narcisa Hirsch‘s “Aleph”, the wry and witty animated vignettes of Liliana Porter‘s “Para Usted/For You” and the truncated urban space of Pablo Marin‘s “Sin Titulo”, shot on an apartment building roof in Buenos Aires. As distinctive as New York is, it also recalls other cities, in a similar way that Buenos Aires can seem like Paris or Madrid, refracted, if you squint your eyes just right. As revelers in Brooklyn ducked in and out of bars at 11 pm, it felt as if an Argentine night was just beginning.